The Endemic Plants of Chile

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Schizanthus fallax Camaraca Raquel Pinto 1
Region of Arica Parinacota: Cerro Camaraca.
Photo:  © R. Pinto
Schizanthus fallax Camaraca Raquel Pinto 2
Region of Arica Parinacota: Cerro Camaraca.
Photo:  © R. Pinto
Schizanthus fallax Tocopilla 8
Region Antofagasta: Tocopilla.
Photo:  © N. Lavandero
Schizanthus fallax Tocopilla 7
Region Antofagasta: Tocopilla.
Photo:  © N. Lavandero
Schizanthus fallax Tocopilla 6
Region Antofagasta: Tocopilla.
Photo:  © N. Lavandero
Schizanthus fallax Tocopilla 5
Region Antofagasta: Tocopilla.
Photo:  © N. Lavandero
Schizanthus fallax Tocopilla 1
Region Antofagasta: Tocopilla.
Photo:  © N. Lavandero
  1. Classified in >
  2. genus: Schizanthus >
  3. Family: Solanaceae
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Solanaceae

Schizanthus fallax I.M.Johnst.

Place of Publication

Contr. Gray Herb. 85: 160 (1929)

Type citation

Contr. Gray Herb. 85: 160 (1929). CHILE. Region de Antofagasta: Provincia de Antofagasta. Departamento de Tocopilla. Tocopilla; steep hillside ca. 6 km north of port and about opposite Caleta Duendes.18 October 1925, (fl., fr.), I. M. Johnston 3626 (holotype: GH-00077406 [photo!]; isotypes: CONC-29042!, S04–3140 [photo!], US-00028096 [photo!], K000585355 [photo!], F0073042F [photo!]).

References

  • Johnston (1929a)

    Johnston, I.M. 1929. Papers on the Flora of Northern Chile. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 85: 1-172

  • Lavandero et al. (2021)

    Lavandero, N , Chinga, J , Pinto, R and Pérez, M F 2021. A New Distinctive Species of Schizanthus (Solanaceae) and the Reinstatement of Schizanthus fallax. Systematic Botany (2021), 46(2): 456–469

Regions

Tarapacá and Antofagasta

Habitat

Desert and Desert fog oases (Lomas)

Distribution and habitat

This species has been found in northern Chile from Cerro Camaraca (Region of Arica y Parinacota, 18°40'S) to Tocopilla (Region of Antofagasta, 22°03'S). It grows within the fog oasis, on hilltops, and gravelly slopes and streamside in a coastal belt of 370 km at elevations of 650–830 m. Although most specimens have been collected at elevations matching the fog or “camanchaca” zone, during El Niño years or with exceptional local rain events. A few specimens have been found during dry years, growing under the influence of fog collectors used for the restoration of Eulychnia iquiquensis (Lavandero et al. 2021).

Distribution

  • Schizanthus fallax I.M.Johnst.
    • Schizanthus fallax I.M.Johnst.
      • Schizanthus fallax I.M.Johnst.
        • Schizanthus fallax I.M.Johnst.
          • Schizanthus fallax I.M.Johnst.
            • Schizanthus fallax I.M.Johnst.
              • Schizanthus fallax I.M.Johnst.
                • Schizanthus fallax I.M.Johnst.
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Conservation status

  • Endangered (EN) B1b(iii)c(iv)12b(iii)c(iv) (Lavandero et al. (2021))

Descriptions

  • Lavandero et al. (2021)

Habit

Annual herb, 19–35 cm tall. Flowering and fruiting between June and December.

Key characteristics

Schizanthus fallax is similar to S. laetus but differs by having a strongly reduced lower lip, always less than half the size of the upper lip (vs. lower lip always more than half the size of upper lip); the upper lateral lobes are weakly divided into two equal lobules (vs. conspicuously divided).